find a Goldsmiths expert

//// Goldsmiths “find an expert” ////

What works of art would best represent earthlings to men from Mars? We asked four experts

Barbican reopens as Martian Museum of Terrestrial Art
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/article3439609.ece

one man band

1 man band

Video site

Expert Village

D&A Sub-unit Questionnaire is here!

Click here to go to the page. Comments/feedback more than welcome.

Enjoy!

EtymoExpertologically

experience.jpg

experience2_expert.jpg

intellectual.jpg

intellectual2.jpg

Basic lexicon to problematize the link between experience and expertise and to explore the historical evolution of the Homo Expertus.

(From Keywords by Raymond Williams)

the shoe polishing experts are among us!

Madonna shot fools Monroe expert

A Las Vegas couple and a Marilyn Monroe expert have been left embarrassed after what they thought was a nude photo of the star turned out to be a shot of pop star Madonna.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7254448.stm

Results, results, results!

The Discourse and Attitude Sub-unit of D.A.T.E.R.U. is proud to announce the groundbreaking results of their 3-year long research on cultural workers of the deparments of Visible Cultures!

After a long process of cross questioning and assessment of shortcomings, the ultimate D&A question

How To Polish Shoes With A Banana

http://www.videojug.com/film/how-to-polish-shoes-with-a-banana

experts near you!

http://www.goldsmiths.ac.uk/experts/ 

The moral of the story (and more Q)

On Annalisa Barbieri’s article Let the knowledge in, Saturday February 9, 2008, The Guardian

The moral of the story is that expertise might imply a conscious attempt to erect walls around not only one’s knowledge, but one’s own ability to learn more and change. Being declared an expert brings forth the risk of allowing oneself to a greater degree of ease in relation to one’s own responsabilities towards that (fleeting) entity called knowledge – be it practical or theoretical. In relation to wisdom, it could be argued that taking upon yourself the role of an expert means to foreclose the possibility to become wise, which is perhaps connected to the opposition between gaining an inclusive and expanding general knowledge and the need to narrow down and specialise. Can expertise be seen as a dead-end branch of the path towards wisdom?
Thinking about childhood and teenager-hood identities, isn’t becoming an expert in one field a way to attract attention, to externalise an interest/passion and make it a channel for socialization? What is the difference between that expertise (hobby) and adulthood expertise (thinking of non-professional expertise)?

Expert pyramid

expert versus expertise!

one of the things we scientists learn (or should learn) early on is that even the gurus and giant names can be wrong and their opinions/ideas should be questioned. Somehow, we seem to have mixed up “experts” with expertise. It often comes down to “Show me the data”, and if you can’t, be quiet!

Let the new knowledge in

Once a person has been announced as an expert, they lose the impetus to use wisdom wisely

…

 The people I know with real specialisms and expertise – and yes, I am grateful for all the learned people in the world that use their wisdom wisely – purposely avoid the word expert. In turn, I avoid the opinions of experts; experts are rigid, and the one thing a keen mind must have is flexibility. The cleverest people I’ve met are also the best listeners. A really intelligent person is humble, and realises that knowledge is never finite.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,2255096,00.html?gusrc=rss&feed=networkfront

expert patients

 http://www.springerlink.com/content/pp0567448x346rw3/

http://www.library.nhs.uk/healthmanagement/ViewResource.aspx?resID=35495&tabID=290&catID=4031

http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/joepublic/2008/01/handing_over_care_to_the_real.html

What happens when experts fall out with each other?

http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,,2252681,00.html

Book: Expert Political Judgment: How Good is It? How Can We Know?

“The intelligence failures surrounding the invasion of Iraq dramatically illustrate the necessity of developing standards for evaluating expert opinion. This book fills that need. Here, Philip E. Tetlock explores what constitutes good judgment in predicting future events, and looks at why experts are often wrong in their forecasts. /…/Clearly written and impeccably researched, the book fills a huge void in the literature on evaluating expert opinion. It will appeal across many academic disciplines as well as to corporations seeking to develop standards for judging expert decision-making.”

More from this book could be found at: http://books.google.com/books?id=QgGRar_TCjIC&printsec=frontcover#PPR16,M1

related project? Book an expert 1 €

Black market for useful knowledgege and non-knowledgege No. 8: The Gift and Other Violations of the Principle of Exchange An installation with 100 experts

At fifty separate tables lighting up out of the dark, experts sit opposite one guest, changing every half hour – admission is free, the ticket for a discussion costs 1 Euro. From a safe outside position, visitors can listen in on individual conversations through headphones, suddenly up close without being noticed. In the middle of a display and production space, in which narrative formats of conveying knowledge are tested and presented.
The result is a hallucinatory adult education centre in which knowledge, life/survival strategies change hands in a non-institutional manner. During this evening, knowledge transfer as a communicative and performative act becomes a collectively whispered knowledge narrative focused on the subject of gifts.

The “Blackmarket” gathers together 100 experts from a wide range of fields to discuss the ambivalent practice of giving gifts: natural scientists, beggars, media theorists, prodigies, philosophers and artists talk about suicide bombings, the economisation of the social sphere, utopian models of exchange in artist collectives and the open-source movement, managed charity, the problems of prodigies, the perversion of gifts as alms or bribes, religious solidarity, ethnological myth research, the potlatch and gift economy, and much more.

http://www.steirischerherbst.at/2007/english/calendar/calendar.php?eid=186

the LSE has experts too, to be sure

http://www.lse.ac.uk/resources/experts/

Experts aims to make communication between journalists, researchers and academics easier.

links to articles on government experts and their expertise

Intelligence expert who rewrote book on Iran

http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2224182,00.html

Security chief renowned as a quiet expert

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,2206025,00.html

‘Expert’ who made up interviews is exposed

http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,,2169698,00.html

American and French media yesterday were taking a second look at the work of a so-called terrorism expert who faked his academic credentials – and entire interviews with some of the world’s most prominent figures.
Chirac agrees to share expertise as Blair pushes case for nuclear power stations

http://politics.guardian.co.uk/green/story/0,,1794443,00.html

Kremlin employs western PR expertise for summit

http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1766059,00.html

The ExPert Centre

The ExPERT Centre (Excellence in Professional development through Education, Research & Technology) is a Centre of Excellence in Teaching and Learning instituted by the Higher Education Funding Council of England in 2005.The Centre aims to support staff in developing scholarship in learning and teaching and has a strong focus on pedagogic research and knowledge transfer in order to enhance the student learning experience.

http://www.expert.port.ac.uk/

questions for an expert (1)

is an expert simply a conscious archive of a specific sort, or does an expert also need a theory, specific method or strategy about the knowledge s/he holds?

i.e. is expertise about information storage and transfer, or about the development of information into (applicable) knowledge? can an expert be someone merely acting as memory bank of a certain category of information (my granddad knows every single train route on the austrian railway network as of 1970), or do they necessarily need a vision or new idea to count as experts (someone with a “unique” approach)?

i.e. if an expert produces knowledge, is s/he different from an expert who acquires and uses knowledge without adapting/innovating it? are experts necessarily innovative?

if experts need to have a way of applying their knowledge by way of a service (as consultants, quasi-lexical resources, even practitioners or teachers), then what is their role in society? are they champions of a programme of “progress”, what would a society be without them?

is an expert anyone who can invent themselves a field of expertise?

are experts mainly people who strategically operate in the field of knowledge, or just people who happen to know stuff? must or may an expert position her/himself?

is it desirable that we bring informal knowledges into the realm of expertise/ use the notion of expertise to refer to informal knowledges, or rather do we prefer to do without the notion of expertise when outside of institutionalized/formalized knowledge hierarchies?

does the notion of expertise introduce a hierarchy that is undesirable for democratically minded practice?

R as reading

Books on Expertise in the British Library

Expert feet

Thoughts on play

Toy fair shots

university game fair?

jamexpert bond

Beatles viewing

Art expertise in neoclassical Rome

L’expertise artistique entre science et politique
Échanges et controverses autour de l’origine des marbres antiques entre Rome et Paris (1773-1818)
Gilles Montègre, Genèses 2006- 4 (n^o 65)

ABSTRACT — During the neoclassical period, antique dealers in Rome harboured the ambition of determining with certainty whether ancient statues came from Greece or Rome. This aim fostered an exchange between scientific knowledge and the culture of the humanities, together with the performance of expertise and counter-expertise, first in Rome and later in Paris. The article analyses the aesthetic, political and economic issues underlying this dialogue of experts, focusing on the controversy opposing Visconti, an antique dealer, and Dolomieu, a geologist, over the marble statue, the Apollo of Belvedere.

Toys experts

A MATTER OF DEGREES

article from Cabinet Fictional States

false C.V.

C.V.—a work in progress began as a parody of the growing artists’ mania for curricula vitae and the art world’s literal obsession with identity.

Expert habitat

Experts as problem-solving

On Experts and Expertise

We currently live in a world dominated by experts. You only have to open a newspaper or switch on the television to see experts giving pronouncements on everything from parenting to the economy. In a world of multifarious complexities, the need for such experts is clear. We need experts to filter the huge flow of information and simplify it into something more digestible.

on expertise

http://www.k-state.edu/psych/cws/downloads.htm

THE EXPERT’S TEST

What is the CWS approach?

CWS is the Cochran-Weiss-Shanteau approach to assessing expertise purely from data. The approach is based on the idea that expert judgment involves discrimination – seeing fine gradations among the stimuli – and consistency – evaluating similar stimuli similarly. The approach was inspired by an idea for comparing response instruments suggested by the late statistician William Cochran (1943), and adapted to the domain of expertise by David J. Weiss and James Shanteau.

post-fair session

surfing buddies

casino fair toys

brain machine!

habitat gaming

Ghost Hunting kits

Harry Price expert ghost hunter

Writing in his autobiography Search for Truth in 1942, Harry Price declared that the creation of a laboratory where mediums and psychics could be scientifically tested was a dream which he had entertained for many years. The National Laboratory of Psychical Research was the realisation of this ambition and through this and the University of London Council for Psychical Investigation which it later became.

the National Laboratory of Psychical Research
© Senate House Library, University of London

Ghost Hunting kits
http://www.tomsgadgets.com/products/products.aspx?cat2=18
http://www.lessemf.com/ghost.html
http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/GHOST-HUNTING-EQUIPMENT-KIT_W0QQitemZ300191876647QQcmdZViewItem

Sex Experts

Love Art Lab

We set up tables and chairs on 5th avenue (@ 27th St.) in front of the Museum of Sex. We invited experts Barbara Carrellas, Veronica Vera and Candida Royalle to join us. The five of us counseled the public about sex, love, and relationships from noon until 4:00 PM. We helped a gay Mormon man, a married couple who were tourists from India, a group of 18 year old students on a field trip, a woman whose husband had just admitted to an extramarital affair, an older gentleman whose wife didn’t want him to touch her, a lesbian couple that wanted to be polyamorous, and dozens of others. All for free.
We, Elizabeth M. Stephens and Annie M. Sprinkle, are an artist couple committed to doing projects that explore, generate, celebrate and glorify love. We utilize visual art, installation, theater pieces, interventions, live-art, exhibitions, lectures, printed matter and activism. Each year we orchestrate one or more interactive performance art weddings in collaboration with various national and international communities, then display the ephemera in art galleries. Our projects incorporate the colors and themes of the chakras, a structure inspired by Linda M. Montano’s 14 Years of Living Art.

http://www.loveartlab.org/slideshow.php?year_id=2&cat_id=56

Intuition or Expertise?

Should we go with our gut feelings? Can we trust our hunches?

Mark Lythgoe is a neuroscientist who is sceptical about intuition. In this programme he discovers whether it’s a real phenomenon or just a popular myth.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/inside_intuition.shtml

“Experts” of “degenerate art”

The term Degeneracy gained currency in Germany by the late 19th century when the critic and author Max Nordau devised the critique theory of modern art, explained as the work of those so corrupted and enfeebled by modern life that they have lost the self-control needed to produce coherent works. Explaining the painterliness of Impressionism as the sign of a diseased visual cortex, he decried modern degeneracy while praising traditional German culture. Nordau drew upon the writings of the criminologist Cesare Lombroso who claimed researched that there were “born criminals” whose atavistic personality traits could be detected by scientifically measuring abnormal physical characteristics. Following such expertise Paul Schultze-Naumburg wrote several books on art including Kunst und Rasse (Art and Race) in which he argued that only racially pure artists could produce a healthy art which upheld timeless ideals of classical beauty, while racially mixed modern artists produced disordered artworks and monstrous depictions of the human form. By reproducing examples of modern art next to photographs of people with deformities and diseases, he graphically reinforced the idea of modernism as a sickness.
By 1937, the concept of degeneracy was firmly entrenched in Nazi policy. That year Goebbels put Adolf Ziegler (head of Reich Chamber of Visual Art), in charge of a six-man commission authorized to confiscate from museums and art collections throughout the Reich, any remaining art deemed modern, degenerate, or subversive. These works were then to be presented to the public in the Degenerate Art (Entartete Kunst) exhibition intended to incite further revulsion against the “perverse Jewish spirit” penetrating German culture. Contrasting this proposed future world of Aryan bliss were cubist and expressionist images of faces and bodies by Picasso, Kokoschka, Emil Nolde, and others, likened to the deformed faces and bodies of mentally ill institutionalized citizens in a chilling Nazi-era slide show. Using such threatening if simple-minded paradigms helped immeasurably in demonizing Jewish (and modern) artists and thus Jews. More “hygienic” art showing “normal,” robust Germans at work and in repose could counter what Hitler and his minions reduced to a kind of noxious bacteria burrowing into the German body: the Jew. Many ambitious doctors joined this effort, with the least ethical, those willing to put the stamp of approval on this idea, elevated to the top ranks. (Nearly half of German doctors were Party members.)
During exhibition there were slogans painted on the walls:
# Revelation of the Jewish racial soul
# An insult to German womanhood
# The ideal–cretin and whore
# Deliberate sabotage of national defence
# German farmers–a Yiddish view
# The Jewish longing for the wilderness reveals itself – (in Germany the Negro becomes the racial ideal of a degenerate art)
# Madness becomes method
# Nature as seen by sick minds

At the end of four months Entartete Kunst had attracted over two million visitors.

awa-dateru
泡立てる
Japanese
(beat; whip [eggs, cream])

expert talk (vocabulary) presentation

here is a link to Andrea Fraser’s performance Official Welcome of continuous quoting of speeches given by critics, collectors, curators, politicians, and artists at openings, awards ceremonies, and other art events;

Arts experts (aka investment bankers) help artists secure pensions!

DATERU newsspeak strand: good attitude of the day; how your expertise can help secure social services. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7057677.stm

The Artists pension trust. Currently, there are eight trusts within the overall umbrella structure, each run by a team of experts. Add up the works of art gathered by each trust and a portfolio of 40,000 works of art by 2,000 artists will eventually emerge.

“It is definitely the fastest art collection in the world,” says Mr Khezri.

Given that all the artists have been invited to join by experts who have examined their work, the breadth of the arts portfolio should make it fairly likely that the next generation’s Damien Hurst or Jackson Pollock will be amongst the trust’s members, reasons Mr Khezri.

“It really comes down to mathematical probabilities,” he says.

…

“Business and the private sector is much better at making a difference,” grins Mr Khezri. “Art is becoming a part of their lifestyle.”

The enterpreneurial spirit makes a difference.

Whos pension will your expertise secure?

Specific Language for Expertise Fake

Expert programmer Andrew C. Bulhak from Massachusset Institute of Technology has announced the results of his 15-year research project on the extensive possibilities of recursive grammars to generate valuable contributions to the field of SLEF (Specific Language for Expertise Fake). His award-winning recursive grammars, written in the .pb code, are available to students, critics and academic alike at contraintes.inria.fr/bin/dada

Suggested screening: Vérités et mensonges (1974) also known as F for Fake, by Orson Welles.

expert day

Professionalism and Psychiatry

21 Jan 08 (9-5pm)

15 Belgrave Square, London SW1X 8PS

contact. Katie Hillman, khillman@rcpsych.ac.uk

the experts amongst us?

the Sokal Affair & Impostures Intellectuelles / Fashionable Nonsense

In 1996, Social Text published an essay suggesting a link in quantum mechanics and post-modernism by Professor Alan Sokal, a physicist at New York University.
On the day of publication, Sokal announced in Lingua Franca that the article, ‘Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity’, had in fact been a hoax.

http://www.physics.nyu.edu/people/sokal.alan.html

http://www.cultsock.ndirect.co.uk/MUHome/cshtml/general/sokal.html

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2671733

http://www.math.tohoku.ac.jp/~kuroki/Sokal/

http://www.physics.nyu.edu/~as2/

The Greatest Expert

flexible expertise in the creative/culture industries

Young creative woman looking for part- or full time work; can work from home. Hours flexible, contract desired but not demanded. Intelligent and intuitive; artistic with complex thinking and discursive talent; 3 1/2 languages spoken. Sophisticated social skills; happy attitudes as well as managerial attitudes. Highly motivated, divergent and interdisciplinary work experience, rich cross-cultural skills; professional travel experience. Networked. Cheerful. Can work with photoshop, indesign, final cut pro, pro tools, online tools, tapestry, and got accounting skills. Young, healthy, open minded; really fun to work with. Mobile with own laptop, available 24/7 on mobile phone or skype. Self-sufficient with access to technology and programmes, as well as other resources. Resourceful.

SOME THEORY RESOURCES
the flexible personality: http://eipcp.net/transversal/1106/holmes/en
governmentality and self-precarization: http://eipcp.net/transversal/1106/lorey/en
geopolitics of pimping: http://eipcp.net/transversal/1106/rolnik/en
artists as producers: http://eipcp.net/transversal/1204

Expert Rating Employment Testing solutions!

http://www.expertrating.com/

Olympia’s events for experts

specialist fairs at OLYMPIA

Excel’s events for experts

specialist shows at EXCEL

My colleague Dr. K. Anders Ericsson, world’s top expert on expertise

Thinking, reasoning and planning that mediate problem solving, learning and skilled performance. The structure of cognitive processes and attention revealed by the analysis of think-aloud protocols and retrospective verbal reports. The acquisition of expert performance through deliberate practice in domains, such as music, science, golf and darts. The structure and acquisition of Long-Term Working Memory.

Ever since the conference that Jacqui Smith and I organized in West Berlin (Ericsson & Smith, 1991) I have collaborated with several colleagues on the task of describing the structure and acquisition of expert performance. My work with Ralph Krampe and Clemens Tesch-Romer (Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Romer, 1993) on the acquisition of very high levels of music performance with expert violinists at the Berlin Music Academy, documented the effects of deliberate practice and outlined evidence on the mediating mechanisms. For a brief summary and description of the Acquisition of Expert Performance and how this is explained by Deliberate Practice
full text:

http://www.psy.fsu.edu/faculty/ericsson/ericsson.exp.perf.html

more on Dr. K. Anders Ericsson: http://www.fsu.edu/indexTOFStory.html?lead.expert

The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance

The Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (Paperback)
by K. Anders Ericsson (Editor), Neil Charness (Editor), Paul J. Feltovich (Editor), Robert R. Hoffman (Editor)
List Price: $65.00

http://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Handbook-Expertise-Expert-Performance/dp/0521600812

The Expert on Experts and Expertise

From my last interview I realised that Ericsson’s essential point is that expertise is a function of practice not talent. One key point he makes is that:

“Successful people spontaneously do things differently from those individuals who stagnate. They have different practice histories. Elite performers engage in what we call “deliberate practice”–an effortful activity designed to improve individual target performance. There has to be some way they’re innovating in the way they do things.”

And his last advice:

“Successful people spontaneously do things differently.”

a must!

The Road To Excellence: the Acquisition of Expert Performance in the Arts and Sciences, Sports, and Games
(Paperback)
by K. Anders Ericsson (Editor)

The Expert on Experts

An expert guide to expertise.

My last interview with K. Anders Ericsson, Professor of Psychology, Florida State University

Ericsson has spent 25 years interviewing and analyzing high-flying professionals. He’s the coeditor of the recent 918-page book Cambridge Handbook of Expertise and Expert Performance (Cambridge University Press, 2006), in which he says elite performers aren’t genetically superior. They just do things differently. He can explain in less than 900 pages, so I asked him to.

Is talent overrated?_”The traditional assumption is that people come into a professional domain, have similar experiences, and the only thing that’s different is their innate abilities. There’s little evidence to support this. With the exception of some sports, no characteristic of the brain or body constrains an individual from reaching an expert level.”

What do you have to do to become the best?_”Successful people spontaneously do things differently from those individuals who stagnate. They have different practice histories. Elite performers engage in what we call “deliberate practice”–an effortful activity designed to improve individual target performance. There has to be some way they’re innovating in the way they do things.”

Can you explain how deliberate practice works?_”Here’s a typical example: Medical diagnosticians see a patient once or twice, make an assessment in an effort to solve a particularly difficult case, and then they move on. They may never see him or her again. I recently interviewed a highly successful diagnostician who works very differently. He spends a lot of his own time checking up on his patients, taking extensive notes on what he’s thinking at the time of diagnosis, and checking back to see how accurate he is. This extra step he created gives him a significant advantage compared with his peers. It lets him better understand how and when he’s improving. In general, elite performers utilize some technique that typically isn’t well known or widely practiced.”

So does experience matter?_”Just because you’ve been walking for 55 years doesn’t mean you’re getting better at it. It’s very hard for older engineers, for example, to stay competitive with young engineers trained with new and improved methods. Those who are successful have to put in a lot of extra time to learn about these new methods. You have to seek out situations where you get feedback. It’s a myth that you get better when you just do the things you enjoy.”

Analyzing the structure of expert knowledge

My friends John H. Bradley, Ravi Paul and Elaine Seeman from the Department of Decision Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA, recently worte a paper where they state that knowledge is either explicit or tacit. The elicitation, codification, storage, and distribution of tacit knowledge are extremely challenging tasks that require innovative methods and techniques.

This paper reports the results of a study in which the tacit knowledge of domain experts was elicited, represented, and analyzed for validity. The subjects were a group of instructors and students at a USPS training school whose memory structures were analyzed for evidence of two common characteristics of expertise: holistic perception and use of abstract concepts. No evidence of either characteristic was found in the more experienced instructor group but, when the subjects were regrouped based on observed performance, the cognitive models of the high performers contained structural evidence of both characteristics. This finding led to the conclusion that experience alone is not an indicator of expertise. Other factors, such as the cognitive ability to correctly structure those experiences, must also be present.

Expert and Grand Champion

Expert Systems

– An expert system is a computer program that simulates the judgement and behavior of a human or an organization that has expert knowledge and experience in a particular field. Typically, such a system contains a knowledge base containing accumulated experience and a set of rules for applying the knowledge base to each particular situation that is described to the program. Sophisticated expert systems can be enhanced with additions to the knowledge base or to the set of rules. Among the best-known expert systems have been those that play chess and that assist in medical diagnosis.

http://www.expertsystem.net/?lang=1

http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/expert.html

Expert Systems. The Journal of Knowledge Engineering:

http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0266-4720&site=1

an expert!

an expert?

The Academy of Experts

Thinking about becoming an expert yourself?

Try The Academy of Experts, you won’t be disappointed!

http://www.academy-experts.org

Expert Conferences and Trade Fairs in London

http://www.eco.co.uk/

http://www.excel-london.co.uk/en/visitors/whats_on/full_list.html

Experts databases

http://www.intota.com/

http://www.expertsearch.co.uk/

http://www.experts.com/

Expertise (GEM)

Germain’s scale
Marie-Line Germain (Germain, 2006) developed a measure of perception of employee expertise called the Generalized Expertise Measure (GEM). She also found that there is a behavioral dimension found in “experts”, in addition to the dimensions suggested by Swanson and Holton (2001). The 16-item scale contains objective expertise items and subjective expertise items. Objective items (the first 5 items of the measure below) were named Evidence-Based items. Subjective items (the remaining 11 items from the measure below) were named Self-Enhancement items because of their behavioral component.
_. This person has knowledge that is specific to his or her field of work.
_. This person shows that they have the education necessary to be an expert in his/her field.
_. This person has knowledge about his/her field.
_. This person has the qualifications required to be an expert in his/her field.
_. This person has been trained in his or her area of expertise.
_. This person is ambitious about their work in the company.
_. This person can assess whether a work-related situation is important or not.
_. This person is capable of improving himself or herself.
_. This person is charismatic.
_. This person can deduce things from work-related situations easily.
_. This person is intuitive in the job.
_. This person is able to judge what things are important in his/her job.
_. This person has the drive to become what he or she is capable of becoming in his/her field.
_. This person is self-assured.
_. This person has self-confidence.
_. This person is an expert who is outgoing.
note
This material is copyrighted and must not be used without citing the author (Germain, 2006).
With a sample of N=307, the scale reliability (internal consistency, Cronbach Alpha coefficient) of the 16-item scale was high (.91 for the five Evidence-Based items and .92 for the eleven Self-Enhancement items).

what an expert might be…

Mark Twain defined an expert as “an ordinary fellow from another town”.
Will Rogers described an expert as “A man fifty miles from home with a briefcase.”

The nine stages to becoming an expert!

Of course expertise, like beauty, is in the eyes of the beholder. No doubt many of the software developers at Google or MIT would consider me not even close to their level of expertise – and they’d be right. However, I’ve achieved enough success and knowledge that the average person would certainly consider me an expert in this field.

Stage 1: Discovery and interest
The path to expertise begins when you first discover your field. No doubt even Einstein had once never heard of physics, Mozart hadn’t played a note, and Tiger Woods had never held a golf club.

Most people who go on to become experts fall almost immediately in love with their field when they discover it.
This stage generally involves a level of obsession, and a strong desire to spend as much time as possible engaged in your new interest. However, usually work attempts are very amateurish at this point.

Stage 2: Early self-teaching
Initial interest and fun is followed by some motivated self-instruction. A golfer goes down to the local oval to hit a few balls, a pianist teaches herself simple songs, a software developer writes his first few programs. Confidence is gained and the depth of the field begins to open out in the mind.

Stage 3: Formal education
This stage involves more formal learning with a subject-matter expert expanding on the earlier knowledge. It’s extremely rare that anyone becomes an expert without some kind of formal education. This kind of coaching provides guidance, discipline and feedback that simply isn’t available through self-teaching. Here, the person’s skills will likely improve rapidly to a level of competence.

Stage 4: Humiliation
This occurs when the person first enters serious competition – the first attempt at getting a professional job, the first few tournaments, the first public recital. It’s in this environment where exposure to the cold-winds of comparison to those who’ve worked harder, longer and more seriously at the art occurs.

This is usually an extremely unpleasant experience, with the early joy of participation being replaced by humiliation. In every field there are people who gain real pleasure from destroying those who are below them in skill and experience. They like to expose them as imposters – not worthy to play on the same field.

Horrible as it is, this stage is very necessary. It acts as both a motivator and a reality check. It’s here that most people either leave their pursuit of improvement in the field altogether, or develop a fiery determination to beat those who’ve humiliated them.

Stage 5: Serious attempts at professional improvement
This is where the humiliation of stage 4 leads to serious work at self-improvement. A focus on the more professional rivals leads to hard work and conscious discipline on the bettering of skills.

Stage 6: The beating of local rivals
One thing I’ve found about those who like to do the humiliating in stage 4, is that usually they’re not as good as they appear to the amateur. At best, they generally rank among the low-level experts. Real experts usually don’t have the time or will to bother with hurting amateurs. Plus, they already know they’re good and don’t have to pick off easy prey to prove it.

Once you’ve reached this stage, you’re probably about average for a professional in your field. Maybe even a bit above average.

Stage 7: Youthful arrogance.
This stage came for me when I started to get paid really well as a software developer. I noticed that I was better at it than most of my peers – even those who were better trained than me. It seemed easy to look around and imagine I was the smartest person in the room.

I knew there were a lot of important things I didn’t know that much about, but I just assumed very few other people did either. I was the classic big fish in a small pond.

Stage 8: Reality check and crashing back down to Earth
This usually occurs when you stop playing with the fairly big boys (or girls) and start playing with the giants. Suddenly, you realize with a sick feeling that you’re nowhere near as smart as you thought you were.

Stage 9: Realizing that you’ll never come close to knowing everything
This is the stage I believe the vast majority of experts are at. They know enough to realize that they know virtually nothing. Sure, they’re way ahead of the average person in the street, but they’re a long way from true enlightenment.

I remember hearing a delightful story once about Alan Greenspan – who used to be the head of the Federal Reserve Bank in the US. He was a very highly respected economist and believed by many to be the best central banker in history. Mr Greenspan would apparently often ask recent economics graduates for their opinions and listen intently to the answers. He’d do so even in a room full of distinguished experts. It’s clear he realized he didn’t know everything, and that even someone of much lower status may be able to teach him something.

It’s at this stage you realize that expertise isn’t a destination, but a journey. A lifelong travel that will never be complete – no matter how fast you run.

A useful resource >> http://www.experts.com/index.asp

Self-Enhancement sources

www.carolynfinch.com/

www.pattiwood.net/

www.robertphipps.com/courses.html

Preparing senior leaders to take charge of an organization as complex as the U.S. Air Force is enormously difficult.

http://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB235/index1.html

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